Understanding the rights of the deceased and the etiquette of mourning.
When a Muslim hears of the passing of another, it is Sunnah to say:
"Inna lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji'un"
(Verily we belong to Allah, and verily to Him do we return.)
One should remain patient (Sabr) and pray for the forgiveness of the deceased.
It is a strong emphasis in Islam to bury the deceased as quickly as possible. Delays should be avoided unless absolutely necessary for legal or transport reasons.
Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said: "Hasten the funeral proceedings." (Bukhari & Muslim)Washing the body is a Fard Kifayah (communal obligation). The body should be washed an odd number of times (at least once) with water. Camphor or other fragrances may be used in the final wash.
Men wash men, and women wash women. A spouse may wash their partner.
The Salatul Janazah is a prayer without Ruku (bowing) or Sujud (prostration). It consists of 4 Takbeers performed while standing.
It is recommended to offer condolences to the family of the deceased. The mourning period is officially three days, during which one should visit and offer support, but avoid overburdening the family.